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Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations

Nishant SHARMA, Kaustubh DASGUPTA, Arindam DEY

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 1,   Pages 62-81 doi: 10.1007/s11709-019-0570-2

Abstract: This article describes a novel approach for deciding optimal horizontal extent of soil domain to be used for finite element based numerical dynamic soil structure interaction (SSI) studies. SSI model for a 12 storied building frame, supported on pile foundation-soil system, is developed in the finite element based software framework, OpenSEES. Three different structure-foundation configurations are analyzed under different ground motion characteristics. Lateral extent of soil domain, along with the soil properties, were varied exhaustively for a particular structural configuration. Based on the reduction in the variation of acceleration response at different locations in the SSI system (quantified by normalized root mean square error, ), the optimum lateral extent of the soil domain is prescribed for various structural widths, soil types and peak ground acceleration levels of ground motion. Compared to the past studies, error estimation analysis shows that the relationships prescribed in the present study are credible and more inclusive of the various factors that influence SSI. These relationships can be readily applied for deciding upon the lateral extent of the soil domain for conducting precise SSI analysis with reduced computational time.

Keywords： optimum lateral extent of soil domain length     multi-storyed framed building     pile foundation     OpenSEES     L-Kboundaries     dynamic analysis    

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Numerical investigation of circle defining curve for two-dimensional problem with general boundaries

Chung Nguyen VAN

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2019, Volume 13, Issue 1,   Pages 92-102 doi: 10.1007/s11709-018-0472-8

Abstract: The scaled boundary finite element method (SBFEM) is applied to the static analysis of two dimensional elasticity problem, boundary value problems domain with the domain completely described by a circular defining curve. The scaled boundary finite element equations is formulated within a general framework integrating the influence of the distributed body force, general boundary conditions, and bounded and unbounded domain. This paper investigates the possibility of using exact geometry to form the exact description of the circular defining curve and the standard finite element shape function to approximate the defining curve. Three linear elasticity problems are presented to verify the proposed method with the analytical solution. Numerical examples show the accuracy and efficiency of the proposed method, and the performance is found to be better than using standard linear element for the approximation defining curve on the scaled boundary method.

Keywords： exact geometry     circular defining curve     general boundaries     SBFEM    

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Simultaneous harvesting and cell disruption of microalgae using ozone bubbles: optimization and characterization study for biodiesel production

Kadir, Man K. Lam, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Jun W. Lim, Peck L. Kiew, Steven Lim, Siti S. Rosli, Chung Y.Wong, Pau L. Show, Keat T. Lee

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2021, Volume 15, Issue 5,   Pages 1257-1268 doi: 10.1007/s11705-020-2015-9

Abstract: At the optimum ozonation conditions (6.14 g·h ozone concentration, 30 min ozonation time, 1 L·min of

Keywords： microalgae     biodiesel     ozonation     pre-treatment     lipid    

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Preparation and investigation of Pd doped Cu catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene

-L. Jang, Jong K. Keum, Karren More, Changjun Liu, Xiaoliang Yan

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2020, Volume 14, Issue 4,   Pages 522-533 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1822-3

Abstract: A series of PdCu bimetallic catalysts with low Cu and Pd loadings and different Cu: Pd atomic ratios were prepared by conventionally sequential impregnation (CSI) and modified sequential impregnation (MSI) of Cu and Pd for selective hydrogenation of acetylene. Characterization indicates that the supported copper (II) nitrate in the PdCu bimetallic catalysts prepared by MSI can be directly reduced to Cu metal particles due to the hydrogen spillover from Pd to Cu(NO ) crystals. In addition, for the catalysts prepared by MSI, Pd atoms can form PdCu alloy on the surface of metal particles, however, for the catalysts prepared by CSI, Pd tends to migrate and exist below the surface layer of Cu. Reaction results indicate that compared with CSI, the MSI method enables samples to possess preferable stability as well as comparable reaction activity. This should be due to the MSI method in favor of the formation of PdCu alloy on the surface of metal particles. Moreover, even Pd loading is super low,<0.045 wt-% in this study, by through adjusting Cu loading to an appropriate value, attractive reactivity and selectivity still can be achieved.

Keywords： copper     palladium     catalysts     acetylene     selective hydrogenation    

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Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

K. Tam, Parker Y.L. Tsang, April K.Y. Wong, Michael H.K. Hui, Bin Yang, Hao Tang, Lok-Ting Lau

Frontiers of Medicine 2012, Volume 6, Issue 2,   Pages 173-186 doi: 10.1007/s11684-012-0195-5

Abstract:

Infectious diseases, mostly caused by bacteria and viruses but also a result of fungal and parasitic infection, have been one of the most important public health concerns throughout human history. The first step in combating these pathogens is to get a timely and accurate diagnosis at an affordable cost. Many kinds of diagnostics have been developed, such as pathogen culture, biochemical tests and serological tests, to help detect and fight against the causative agents of diseases. However, these diagnostic tests are generally unsatisfactory because they are not particularly sensitive and specific and are unable to deliver speedy results. Nucleic acid-based diagnostics, detecting pathogens through the identification of their genomic sequences, have shown promise to overcome the above limitations and become more widely adopted in clinical tests. Here we review some of the most popular nucleic acid-based diagnostics and focus on their adaptability and applicability to routine clinical usage. We also compare and contrast the characteristics of different types of nucleic acid-based diagnostics.

Keywords： nucleic acid-based diagnostics     infectious disease     PCR     NASBA     LAMP     microarray     LOAC     public health affairs    

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Utilisation of waste heat from exhaust gases of drying process

Arsenyeva,Lidija Čuček,Leonid L. Tovazhnyanskyy,Petro O. Kapustenko,Yana A.Savchenko,Sergey K. Kusakov,Oleksandr I. Matsegora

Frontiers of Chemical Science and Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 1,   Pages 131-138 doi: 10.1007/s11705-016-1560-8

Abstract: Nowadays a lot of low-grade heat is wasted from the industry through the off- and flue-gasses with different compositions. These gases provide the sensitive heat with utilisation potential and latent heat with the components for condensation. In this paper, process integration methodology has been applied to the partly condensed streams. A hot composite curve that represents the gas mixture cooling according to equation of state for real gases was drawn to account the gas-liquid equilibrium. According to the pinch analysis methodology, the pinch point was specified and optimal minimal temperature difference was determined. The location of the point where gas and liquid phases can be split for better recuperation of heat energy within heat exchangers is estimated using the developed methodology. The industrial case study of tobacco drying process off-gasses is analysed for heat recovery. The mathematical model was developed by using MathCad software to minimise the total annualised cost using compact plate heat exchangers for waste heat utilisation. The obtained payback period for the required investments is less than six months. The presented method was validated by comparison with industrial test data.

Keywords： exhaust gas     waste heat     process integration     plate heat exchanger    

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Impact of thermal processes on multi-crystalline silicon

Moonyong KIM,Phillip HAMER,Hongzhao LI,David PAYNE,Stuart WENHAM,Malcolm ABBOTT,Brett HALLAM

Frontiers in Energy 2017, Volume 11, Issue 1,   Pages 32-41 doi: 10.1007/s11708-016-0427-5

Abstract: Fabrication of modern multi-crystalline silicon solar cells involves multiple processes that are thermally intensive. These include emitter diffusion, thermal oxidation and firing of the metal contacts. This paper illustrates the variation and potential effects upon recombination in the wafers due to these thermal processes. The use of light emitter diffusions more compatible with selective emitter designs had a more detrimental effect on the bulk lifetime of the silicon than that of heavier diffusions compatible with a homogenous emitter design and screen-printed contacts. This was primarily due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering for the light emitter. This reduction in lifetime could be mitigated through the use of a dedicated gettering process applied before emitter diffusion. Thermal oxidations could greatly improve surface passivation in the intra-grain regions, with the higher temperatures yielding the highest quality surface passivation. However, the higher temperatures also led to an increase in bulk recombination either due to a reduced effectiveness of gettering, or due to the presence of a thicker oxide layer, which may interrupt hydrogen passivation. The effects of fast firing were separated into thermal effects and hydrogenation effects. While hydrogen can passivate defects hence improving the performance, thermal effects during fast firing can dissolve precipitating impurities such as iron or de-getter impurities hence lower the performance, leading to a poisoning of the intra-grain regions.

Keywords： gettering     grain boundaries     hydrogen     impurities     oxidation     passivation     solar cell    

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Update on Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome

Frontiers of Medicine 2022, Volume 16, Issue 6,   Pages 859-872 doi: 10.1007/s11684-022-0969-3

Abstract: This review presents an update of Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser (MRKH) syndrome on its etiologic, clinical, diagnostic, psychological, therapeutic, and reproductive aspects. The etiology of MRKH syndrome remains unclear due to its intrinsic heterogeneity. Nongenetic and genetic causes that may interact during the embryonic development have been proposed with no definitive etiopathogenesis identified. The proportion of concomitant extragenital malformations varies in different studies, and the discrepancies may be explained by ethnic differences. In addition to physical examination and pelvic ultrasound, the performance of pelvic magnetic resonance imaging is crucial in detecting the presence of rudimentary uterine endometrium. MRKH syndrome has long-lasting psychological effects on patients, resulting in low esteem, poor coping strategies, depression, and anxiety symptoms. Providing psychological counseling and peer support to diagnosed patients is recommended. Proper and timely psychological intervention could significantly improve a patient’s outcome. Various nonsurgical and surgical methods have been suggested for treatment of MRKH syndrome. Due to the high success rate and minimal risk of complications, vaginal dilation has been proven to be the first-line therapy. Vaginoplasty is the second-line option for patients experiencing dilation failure. Uterine transplantation and gestational surrogacy are options for women with MRKH syndrome to achieve biological motherhood.

Keywords： MRKH (Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser) syndrome     etiology     clinical characteristic     diagnosis     treatment    

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A Smart Pill for Insulin?

Elizabeth K. Wilson

Engineering 2019, Volume 5, Issue 4,   Pages 603-604 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.07.008

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Stochastic analysis of laminated composite plate considering stochastic homogenization problem

SAKATA,K. OKUDA,K. IKEDA

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2015, Volume 9, Issue 2,   Pages 141-153 doi: 10.1007/s11709-014-0286-2

Abstract: This paper discusses a multiscale stochastic analysis of a laminated composite plate consisting of unidirectional fiber reinforced composite laminae. In particular, influence of a microscopic random variation of the elastic properties of component materials on mechanical properties of the laminated plate is investigated. Laminated composites are widely used in civil engineering, and therefore multiscale stochastic analysis of laminated composites should be performed for reliability evaluation of a composite civil structure. This study deals with the stochastic response of a laminated composite plate against the microscopic random variation in addition to a random variation of fiber orientation in each lamina, and stochastic properties of the mechanical responses of the laminated plate is investigated. Halpin-Tsai formula and the homogenization theory-based finite element analysis are employed for estimation of effective elastic properties of lamina, and the classical laminate theory is employed for analysis of a laminated plate. The Monte-Carlo simulation and the first-order second moment method with sensitivity analysis are employed for the stochastic analysis. From the numerical results, importance of the multiscale stochastic analysis for reliability evaluation of a laminated composite structure and applicability of the sensitivity-based approach are discussed.

Keywords： stochastic homogenization     multiscale stochastic analysis     microscopic random variation     laminated composite plate    

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Comments on the special issue on forestry of

John L. INNES

Frontiers of Agricultural Science and Engineering 2017, Volume 4, Issue 4,   Pages 502-503 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017189

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Shape control of multi-cellular inflatable panels

KATAYAMA, K. ISHIMURA, K. MINESUGI, DANIEL J. INMAN

Frontiers of Mechanical Engineering 2013, Volume 8, Issue 3,   Pages 276-282 doi: 10.1007/s11465-013-0267-5

Abstract:

Multi-cellular inflatable structures are ultra-light and robust against membrane damage such as pinholes caused by space debris. Due to their robustness, inflatable structures supported by inner gases can be applied as space structures. In the present study, shape control for a simple multi-cellular inflatable panel was achieved via a novel diaphragm mechanism. When the bending actuator in a center membrane bends, the inner pressures of sub-cells become different, and the diaphragm mechanism bends as a whole. Because a sliding component is not included, this deformable system is a reliable mechanism. In addition, the proposed mechanism has higher rigidity than that of a bending actuator used alone. In the present paper, we investigate the feasibility of a novel diaphragm mechanism and its characteristics using experimental and numerical results.

Keywords： Membrane structures     inflatable structure     shape control     smart structures     structural mechanics     space engineering    

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A multi-attribute decision making approach of mix design based on experimental soil characterization

Amit K. BERA, Tanmoy MUKHOPADHYAY, Ponnada J. MOHAN, Tushar K. DEY

Frontiers of Structural and Civil Engineering 2018, Volume 12, Issue 3,   Pages 361-371 doi: 10.1007/s11709-017-0425-7

Abstract:

The clay mineral composition is one of the major factors that governs the physical properties of silty sand subgrade. Therefore, a thorough knowledge of mineral composition is essential to predict the optimum engineering properties of the soil, which is generally characterized by different indices like maximum dry density (MDD), California bearing ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS) and free swelling index (FSI). In this article, a novel multi-attribute decision making (MADM) based approach of mix design has been proposed for silty sand – artificial clay mix to improve the characteristic strength of a soil subgrade. Experimental investigation has been carried out in this study to illustrate the proposed approach of selecting appropriate proportion for the soil mix to optimize all the above mentioned engineering properties simultaneously. The results show that a mix proportion containing approximately 90% silty sand plus 10% bentonite soil is the optimal combination in context to the present study. The proposed methodology for optimal decision making to choose appropriate combination of bentonite and silty sand is general in nature and therefore, it can be extended to other problems of selecting mineral compositions.

Keywords： silty sand     bentonite soil     soil mix design     multi-attribute decision making    

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Experiment study on fatigue property of concrete filled steel pipe K-joints

Zhong Xingu,Yang Sheng,Shi Weihua

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 9,   Pages 97-100

Abstract: the truss arch of Xiangtan 4th Bridge, we made fatigue property test on concrete filled steel pipe K-jointsdifferent specifications, and calculated the amplitude of fatigue load of concrete filled steel pipe K-jointsassess fatigue life of concrete filled steel pipe, and fatigue property of concrete filled steel pipe K-jointswas obviously better than that of steel pipe K-joints.Moreover, the S—N curve of concrete filled steel pipe K-joints proposed by this paper would be

Keywords： concrete filled steel pipe K-joints     fatigue property     S—N curve    

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Evaluation of the k-nearest neighbor method for forecasting the influent characteristics of wastewater

Minsoo KIM,Yejin KIM,Hyosoo KIM,Wenhua PIAO,Changwon KIM

Frontiers of Environmental Science & Engineering 2016, Volume 10, Issue 2,   Pages 299-310 doi: 10.1007/s11783-015-0825-7

Abstract: The k-nearest neighbor (k-NN) method was evaluated to predict the influent flow rate and four water qualitiesOverall, the k-NN method was verified to be useful for predicting WWTP influent characteristics.

Keywords： influent wastewater     prediction     data-driven model     k-nearest neighbor method (k-NN)    

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Optimum lateral extent of soil domain for dynamic SSI analysis of RC framed buildings on pile foundations

Nishant SHARMA, Kaustubh DASGUPTA, Arindam DEY

Journal Article

Numerical investigation of circle defining curve for two-dimensional problem with general boundaries

Chung Nguyen VAN

Journal Article

Simultaneous harvesting and cell disruption of microalgae using ozone bubbles: optimization and characterization study for biodiesel production

Kadir, Man K. Lam, Yoshimitsu Uemura, Jun W. Lim, Peck L. Kiew, Steven Lim, Siti S. Rosli, Chung Y.Wong, Pau L. Show, Keat T. Lee

Journal Article

Preparation and investigation of Pd doped Cu catalysts for selective hydrogenation of acetylene

-L. Jang, Jong K. Keum, Karren More, Changjun Liu, Xiaoliang Yan

Journal Article

Nucleic acid-based diagnostics for infectious diseases in public health affairs

K. Tam, Parker Y.L. Tsang, April K.Y. Wong, Michael H.K. Hui, Bin Yang, Hao Tang, Lok-Ting Lau

Journal Article

Utilisation of waste heat from exhaust gases of drying process

Arsenyeva,Lidija Čuček,Leonid L. Tovazhnyanskyy,Petro O. Kapustenko,Yana A.Savchenko,Sergey K. Kusakov,Oleksandr I. Matsegora

Journal Article

Impact of thermal processes on multi-crystalline silicon

Moonyong KIM,Phillip HAMER,Hongzhao LI,David PAYNE,Stuart WENHAM,Malcolm ABBOTT,Brett HALLAM

Journal Article

Update on Mayer–Rokitansky–Küster–Hauser syndrome

Journal Article

A Smart Pill for Insulin?

Elizabeth K. Wilson

Journal Article

Stochastic analysis of laminated composite plate considering stochastic homogenization problem

SAKATA,K. OKUDA,K. IKEDA

Journal Article

Comments on the special issue on forestry of

John L. INNES

Journal Article

Shape control of multi-cellular inflatable panels

KATAYAMA, K. ISHIMURA, K. MINESUGI, DANIEL J. INMAN

Journal Article

A multi-attribute decision making approach of mix design based on experimental soil characterization

Amit K. BERA, Tanmoy MUKHOPADHYAY, Ponnada J. MOHAN, Tushar K. DEY

Journal Article

Experiment study on fatigue property of concrete filled steel pipe K-joints

Zhong Xingu,Yang Sheng,Shi Weihua

Journal Article

Evaluation of the k-nearest neighbor method for forecasting the influent characteristics of wastewater

Minsoo KIM,Yejin KIM,Hyosoo KIM,Wenhua PIAO,Changwon KIM

Journal Article